THE CLUSTER STRUCTURE OF THE DECENTRALIZED DEVELOPMENT OF “SMALL GREEN ENERGY CENTERS” IN SLOVAKIA

A BLUEPRINT FOR THE INNOVATIVE AND INCLUSIVE RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE, AS WELL AS FOR SECURITY OF THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The cluster as a horizontal integration of sector-oriented main and auxiliary small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and related service and promotional organizations, agents and institutions, is a territorially connected technological cooperation for the cyclic reproduction and consumption of economically complex products.

Depending on the level of complexity and novelty of the manufactured products, clusters can be divided into low-tech industrial and high-tech innovative, as well as their combinations. Applied to innovative clusters, their conceptual initiators are, as a rule, high-tech start-ups as the micro-enterprises within MSMEs closely integrated with National, Regional or Local Innovation Ecosystems (NIES, RIES, LIES).

In this last case, the cooperation picture becomes much more complicated and multi-level, including its own upper level of Global Production Networks (GPNs) and Global Innovation Networks (GINs), often featuring the Non-Equity Modes (NEMs).

Given such growing complexity of international innovation clusters in the context of the evolution of its forms of integration into territorial industrial complexes (50s-70s), industrial regions (70s-80s) and Global cities and regions in 90s, intensive development in the “zero” related Global Value Chains, as well as GPNs and GINs of the last decade, the following 6 cluster levels corresponding to respective 6 functions can be distinguished as follows:

1. GLOBAL NETWORKING INTEGRATION into Global Innovation Networks (GIN) and Global Production Networks (GPN) - GLOBAL NETWORK INTEGRATOR (GNI) 2. TRANSNATIONAL CLUSTERING CONFIGURATION into Global Value Chains (GVC) - TRANSNATIONAL CONFIGURATOR (TNC) 3. NATIONAL CLUSTERING COORDINATIONS - NATIONAL CLUSTER COORDINATOR (NCC) 4. CROSS-BORDER INNOVATION INTERFACE - CROSS-BORDER DIGITAL INNOVATION HUB (CROSS-BORDER DIH)5. REGIONAL AGGLOMERATION DEVELOPMENT - REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPER (RID)6. LOCAL CLUSTERING DESIGNING - LOCAL CLUSTER AGGREGATOR (LCA)